Impact of Indian Television on Pakistani Culture video

Othello the play

Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565. The story revolves around its two central characters: Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army and his unfaithful ensign, Iago. Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge and repentance, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theatre alike, and has been the source for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations.

Although its title suggests that the tragedy belongs primarily to Othello, Iago plays an important role in the plot. He reflects the archetypal villain, and has the biggest share of the dialogue. In Othello, it is Iago who manipulates all other characters at will, controlling their movements and trapping them in an intricate net of lies. He achieves this by getting close to all characters and playing on their weaknesses while they refer to him as "honest" Iago, thus furthering his control over the characters. A. C. Bradley, and more recently Harold Bloom, have been major advocates of this interpretation.

 Other critics, most notably in the later twentieth century (after F. R. Leavis), have focused on Othello.

OD: "Stop telling Sharmeen’s and Adiaga’s to Photoshop reality".

Click Here to view the Article given in the Times of India

              

                             ‘A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness’ is a 2015’s documentary film by Sharmeen Obaid – Chinoy bout honor killings in Pakistan. The documentary follows the story of a nineteen – year – old girl, who survives an honor killing attempt by her Father and uncle. The protagonist has a solid stance on not forgiving her attackers; however, the public pressures her into forgiving. By doing that, the attackers are free and can return home. The regime of honor is unforgiving: women on whom suspicion has fallen are not given an opportunity to defend themselves, and family members have no socially acceptable alternative but by attacking the woman.

                  Sharmeen and Arvind Adiga both show the reality and dirty image of their nation. Sharmeen shows the reality of women killing for honor of family and Arvind Adiga portrayed the harsh reality of India. There is an argued against Arvind Adiga that why he portrayed ugly and negative image of India, Rather than good or Positive side of India? People want admiration of Western people. They thought that if we portrayed negative image of our country then the Western will never wants to come in our country. There is an interesting example of the film based on Nirbhaya rape case. This film was banned by government of India. The reason behind it that if the Westerns know that the things like  rape happened more in India then they never like to come in India. But the people like Malala, Denny Boyle, Arvind Adiga and Sharmeen who portrayed the reality of their nation. Their purpose is only to tell the truth and reality. Shrmeen’s film are about truly heroic have suffered appealing cruelty and oppression but who have refused to be silenced.

                 The hundreds of women are murdered every year for honor, yet it’s taken the buzz that Shrmeen’s single film has generated abroat to promote Nawas Sharif’s avowal to put an end to honor killing at home and embolden Imran Khan to publically decry the practice, I am completely agree with her words that if we find that these stories shame us then we must do something about them. But for those of us still fixated on the image issue, it’s quite simple really, you want better PR? Improve the Product.

The Last Supper

               A work three years in the making, Leonardo Da Vinci's The Last Supper remains one of the greatest masterpieces of all time. Even over 500 years after the painting was completed, this piece remains one of the most studied paintings in history, and The Last Supper is among the most sold of all Da Vinci posters.

                             Da Vinci’s Last Supper is depicted in this ritual meal as a religious ceremony. Christ is very much the focal point of the entire piece and we have a sense of asymmetrical symmetry as he is flanked by his disciples. There are thirteen people in all (including Christ) and we can see, presumably the figure of Judas Escariot to the right of Christ, as he was still present at the meal. Some have theorized that Mary Magdalene was sitting to the left of Christ in the painting, but this is a contradiction since there had to be twelve disciples, and she was not one of them. It is interesting to note, that with Christ as the center piece, how he is in fact well framed by the doorway. This provides contrast between his figure and the outside, as well as bringing out eye to the most important figure on the piece. His arms, head and body form a triangle, as well as the space on the left hand side between him and the figure to his left. The disciples are also nicely arranged into groups of three along the length of the table. One interesting fact is that there are lines of perspective that radiate from Christ’s head, indicating that he is the focal point of the painting. These perspective lines blend in with the ceiling and walls. The painting also makes us feel as if we too are a part of it. This formula has been copied and become the standard for symbolic paintings from then on.

The Sense of an Ending

Click here to view the task given by Dr. Dilip Barad

                                                          

1) What is the meaning of phrase ‘Blood Money’ in Veronica’s reply email?

             After death of Sarah Ford, in her will she gave 500 pound and Adrian’s diary for Tony. When Tony received that 500 pound, he cannot understand that why Sarah Ford gave money and Adrian’s diary for him? When he asked to Veronica about the money, that time she replied the mail by these two words only ‘Blood Money’. ‘Blood Money’ symbolized relation with Adrian’s suicide. Only because of Tony Adrian and Sarah met and in relationship. Because of Sarah’s pregnancy Adrian commits suicide. Sarah was happy with Tony because of him he got happiness in her life in form of relation with Adrian. So, that’s why Sarah Ford gave 500 pound for Tony. Veronica believes that somewhere that money was connected with Adrian’s death, money is colored by the blood of Adrian’s death.  That’s why Veronica called it ‘Blood Money’.    

    

2    2) How do you decipher the equation: b = s – v x/+ a1 or a2 + v + a1 X s = b?

Equation 1:  b = s – v x/+ a1

Equation 2: a2 + v + a1 X s = b

                     b=Baby

                     S= Sarah Ford

                     V= Veronica

                     a1 = Adrian

                     a2 = Antony

                 

                    These two equations were written in Adrian’s diary. By these two equations Adrian wants to tell about what happened with him and also there is a hidden truth about the baby. Adrian hide a chain of all the things happened with him. 

             In the first equation Adrian wants to say that the baby was born from Sarah and not from Veronica. Every man is responsible for everything, or they individually responsible for everything. In this equation we cannot find Presence of Tony. It shows that whatever is happening that they responsible for their own. 

                In the second equation we find presence of Tony Webster. Tony is responsible for everything happened with all. Because of Tony, Adrian met with Sarah Ford and they fall in relationship. So, we can say that Tony is main chain of responsibility.  But on other hand we can apply Indian karmic philosophy, karma is already written, what is happening is depend on what we given as our karma. We will harvest the thing what we have sown.

   3) Adrian’s diary is willed to Tony by Sarah Ford. Why did Sarah Ford own it? Why was it in the possession of Veronica?

               Adrian’s diary is willed to Tony by Sarah Ford. Sarah Ford own Adrian’s diary because she was in relationship with Adrian. And after Adrian’s death Sarah ford own Adrian’s diary. Veronica is a daughter of Sarah ford and guardian of her property and that’s why Adrian’s diary was in possession of Veronica.

4)     Was the mentally retarded middle aged ‘Adrian’, Tony’s friend who did not commit suicide and was suffering from trauma and thus gone mad, and was living with hidden identity?

  

           This kind of thought comes at once in our mind, that the person was the mentally retarded middle aged ‘Adrian’, maybe he was   Tony’s friend who did not commit suicide and was suffering from trauma and thus gone mad, and was living with hidden identity. But it is only our imagination or thought, that is not reality, the person was the mentally retarded middle aged ‘Adrian’, was Sarah and Adrian Finn’s son.

5)     How was Veronica related to Adrian, the one suffering in care-in-the-community?

                 Adrian and Sarah Ford both are in relationship with each other, Sarah got pregnant because of Adrian and that’s why Adrian commits suicide. Sarah Ford gave birth to a baby boy and also gave him name “Adrian”. Because of much age of Sarah Ford, baby was born with mentally defect. After death of Sarah Ford she becomes a caretaker of that baby. As per blood relationship Veronica is a sister of “Adrian”, the one suffering in care – in – the community. There is a brother and sister relationship with Veronica and “Adrian”. 

6)     Do you see any missing block – some dot which is not getting connected with the whole or dot missing to get full sense of the novel - in the plot of this psychological thriller?

              This is the psychological thriller. This novel is not easy to understand. We find many things which is not clarified or told us by Julian Barnes. During the reading of this novel there is many questions raised in our mind which are not answered or clarified by Julian Barnes. Those questions are like,

•   Why Sarah Ford warned Tony about his relationship?

•  What is the exact reason behind the suicide of Robson?

•  Why Adrian Commits suicide if he was happy in his last days?

•  Why Tony was not ready to continue the relationship with Veronica?

•  Why Adrian was attracted toward Sarah Ford, while he was in love with Veronica.

• What happened with Veronica after she knew about the relationship between Sarah and Adrian?

• Why Veronica not merry and gave her life in care tacking of Sarah’s son?

                  The questions given above are not in my understanding; Julian Barnes not answered or clarified those questions. So, we can say that there is a many block – some dot which is not getting connected with the whole or some missing to get full sense of the novel – in the plot of this Psychological thriller.
 

7)     Do you see any possible reason in the suicide of Adrian Finn?

             Sarah Ford got pregnant because of Adrian and that’s why Adrian commits suicide. This is an open ended question, because Julian Barnes not clarified the exact reason behind Adrian’s death. But we can imagine that may be Adrian fill guilty when Sarah got pregnant. Sarah was an middle age lady while it was only 20 or 22 year old young boy, he may be fill guilt that the relation is not right and everything happened wrong.   So we can say that because of that reason Adrian commits suicide.

8)     In the light of new revelations, how do you read character of Veronica? Instinctive, manipulative, calculating, stubborn, haughty, sacrificial, trustworthy, Good Samaritan?

           At the end of the novel there is a revelation, came about Veronica. The secret of her middle name also comes out. The name Mary was given by Adrian to her.   Mari is not mother of “Adrian” but she is his sister. As a being daughter of Sarah Ford and as a being a sister, she was sacrifices her life, not getting marry and settled on her life but she gave her whole life in taking care of the baby of Sarah Ford and Adrian.  Veronica is not like manipulative, calculating, stubborn and haughty but she is a sacrificial and trustworthy.               

   9)  What do you mean by Unreliable Narrator? Is Tony Webster   classifiable as Unreliable Narrator?

                           Unreliable narrator means we cannot fully trust or believe on          whatever narrator said, or the narrator himself is not sure about whatever he was said. In the very beginning of the novel Tony says that,

                “I remember, in no particular order: —a shiny inner wrist;”

“So I need to return briefly to a few incidents that have grown into anecdotes, to some approximate memories which time has deformed into certainty. If

I can’t be sure of the actual events anymore; I can at least be true to the impressions those facts left. That’s the best I can manage.”

               So, we can say that Tony Webster is classifiable as unreliable narrator. Tony did not remember many things exactly that what was happened. And many trivial things he remembers exactly like date, date and what and how Sarah Ford cooked. So, we can say that Tony Webster is an unreliable narrator.

  

OD:Contemporary Debates and Mario Vargos Llosa

 Click Here to view the  Mario Vargos Llosa and Contemporary Debates.

 

 

           

             The subject like Liberals, Nationalism, Populism, greatest challenge to Democracy, intellectual honesty, literature and morality political correctness and freedom and technology are in the center of debate topics.  Mario Vargos Llosa talks about this all the things in his book ‘The Call of the Tribe’.

                According to Mario Vargos Llosa the great challenge or biggest enemy of  democracy is populism. Another great challenge in a democratic form of government is ensuring that the electronic is well educated and engaged. Since democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people, it depends upon the people to play an active and informal role in their own government. If a majority of the people become uneducated, ill informed, subject to gross political manipulation, or apathetic, an effective democratic government cannot survive.

                     Liberal or liberalism, a political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty and equality. He said that liberalism defends some basic ideas like freedom, individualism, the rejection of collectivism and nationalism-in other words, all the ideologies or doctrines that limit freedom within society. Liberals reject nationalism because it is incompatible with freedom. Liberals believe that nationalism involves a kind of racism. Neo-liberalism is a way of caricaturing liberalism and presenting it is a ruthless form of capitalism. 

  

                       The main purpose of literature, as we have already pointed out, is to give aesthetic pleasure, but it is wrong to say that literature should be amoral or anti-moral. On the other hand, the business of the literary artist is not to teach, but to exhibit. “Life ought to be like that,” says the moralist. “Life looks like that”, says the artist. Having had his intuition and being satisfied with that, the artist has no other duty except that of expressing it as perfectly as he can and communicating it to others. But we admit that moral considerations cannot fail to enter into the subject-matter of every artist who is handling life and character. A moral issue may characterize the theme which has been chosen—as it does in Hamlet, in Macbeth, and in most of the great tragedies of the world. Characters will often be lovable or the reverse according to the manner in which their moral attributes have been sympathetically treated. Morality being one of the principal issues in life belongs to the very fiber and texture of all literature. It cannot be otherwise, for life is its subject-matter. According to Mario Vargos Llosa literature and morality don’t get along. They’re enemies.  And you have to respect literature if you believe in freedom.

(NAEEM)

Works Cited

NAEEM, PROF. Literature and Morality. 16 December 2010. 5 March 2018 <https://neoenglish.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/literature-and-morality/>.

(Rico)

Rico, Maite. Interview. 2 March 2018. 7 March 2018 <https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/02/27/inenglish/1519736544_699462.html>.

Longing - Waiting for Godot.

              

               The painting of ‘Longing’ is much similar with the painting of setting of ‘Waiting for Godot’. The painting of ‘Longing’ and ‘Setting’ of ‘Waiting for Godot’ is by Caspar David Friedrich.  Samuel Beckett was very much inspired by this painting. The painting of ‘Longing’ is the inspiration behind the setting of ‘Waiting for Godot’.

              In the painting of ‘Longing’ there were one couple (Man & Woman) who longing for something. Waiting can be read sometimes as longing. In the Painting of ‘Waiting for Godot’ there were two men who was also waiting for something (Godot). The words ‘Longing’ and ‘Waiting’ also suggest similar meaning. Longing is the meaning of waiting for something, longing for Godot.